ASTRONOMY

Andromeda Galaxy is surely on its way to a collision with the milky way galaxy The large spiral galaxy next door. Excluding the Large & Small Magellanic Clouds, visible from Earth's Southern Hemisphere, the Andromeda galaxy is the brightest external galaxy visible in our night sky. And, at 2.5 million light-years, it's the most distant thing we humans can see with the unaided eye. i postulate that Jesus Christ will return by the time Andromeda Galaxy collides with the Milky Way galaxy after all the Holy Bible says look to the heavens as a measure of time it is written in the Holy King James Bible the word of the Lord according to saint Moses the prophet of israel 1450 BC Before Christ Genesis 1:14 & God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; & let them be for signs, & for seasons, & for days, & years: amen todays date is Suday 6 April 2025 AD Anno Domini in the year of our LORD Jesus Christ before Jesus Christ returns in about 7000 years in the year 9025 AD Anno Domini in the year of our LORD Jesus Christ, i read in the Holy King James Bible there shall be great apocalyptic natural disasters
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wc5yVZrz8LY
4 Hours Of Science Facts About Our Universe To Fall Asleep To

Asteroid An asteroid is a minor planet—an object larger than a meteoroid that is neither a planet nor an identified comet—that orbits within the inner Solar System or is co-orbital with Jupiter (Trojan asteroids). Asteroids are rocky, metallic, or icy bodies with no atmosphere, and are broadly classified into C-type (carbonaceous), M-type (metallic), or S-type (silicaceous). The size and shape of asteroids vary significantly, ranging from small rubble piles under a kilometer across to Ceres, a dwarf planet almost 1000 km in diameter. A body is classified as a comet, not an asteroid, if it shows a coma (tail) when warmed by solar radiation, although recent observations suggest a continuum between these types of bodies. Of the roughly one million known asteroids, the greatest number are located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, approximately 2 to 4 AU from the Sun, in a region known as the main asteroid belt. The total mass of all the asteroids combined is only 3% that of Earth's Moon. The majority of main belt asteroids follow slightly elliptical, stable orbits, revolving in the same direction as the Earth and taking from three to six years to complete a full circuit of the Sun. Asteroids have historically been observed from Earth. The first close-up observation of an asteroid was made by the Galileo spacecraft. Several dedicated missions to asteroids were subsequently launched by NASA and JAXA, with plans for other missions in progress. NASA's NEAR Shoemaker studied Eros, and Dawn observed Vesta and Ceres. JAXA's missions Hayabusa and Hayabusa2 studied and returned samples of Itokawa and Ryugu, respectively. OSIRIS-REx studied Bennu, collecting a sample in 2020 which was delivered back to Earth in 2023. NASA's Lucy, launched in 2021, is tasked with studying ten different asteroids, two from the main belt and eight Jupiter trojans. Psyche, launched October 2023, aims to study the metallic asteroid Psyche. Near-Earth asteroids have the potential for catastrophic consequences if they strike Earth, with a notable example being the Chicxulub impact, widely thought to have induced the Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinction. As an experiment to meet this danger, in September 2022 the Double Asteroid Redirection Test spacecraft successfully altered the orbit of the non-threatening asteroid Dimorphos by crashing into it.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Neq9CbJ05Pg
Touching the Asteroid (2020) | Full Documentary | NOVA

Earth God almighty created the solar system and Earth included Genesis 1:14-19 & God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; & let them be for signs, & for seasons, and for days, & years: & let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth: & it was so. 16 & God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, & the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also. 17 & God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, 18 & to rule over the day & over the night, & to divide the light from the darkness: & God saw that it was good. 19 & the evening and the morning were the fourth day. Life only exists on earth the Genesis story of creation is clear about how God created plants & animals and finally Adam & Eve on earth , the Genesis story doesn't state that God created life on other planets , don't expect life on other planets .Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. This is enabled by Earth being a water world, the only one in the Solar System sustaining liquid surface water. Almost all of Earth's water is contained in its global ocean, covering 70.8% of Earth's crust. The remaining 29.2% of Earth's crust is land, most of which is located in the form of continental landmasses within Earth's land hemisphere. Most of Earth's land is somewhat humid and covered by vegetation, while large sheets of ice at Earth's polar deserts retain more water than Earth's groundwater, lakes, rivers and atmospheric water combined. Earth's crust consists of slowly moving tectonic plates, which interact to produce mountain ranges, volcanoes, and earthquakes. Earth has a liquid outer core that generates a magnetosphere capable of deflecting most of the destructive solar winds and cosmic radiation. Earth has a dynamic atmosphere, which sustains Earth's surface conditions and protects it from most meteoroids and UV-light at entry. It has a composition of primarily nitrogen and oxygen. Water vapor is widely present in the atmosphere, forming clouds that cover most of the planet. The water vapor acts as a greenhouse gas and, together with other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), creates the conditions for both liquid surface water and water vapor to persist via the capturing of energy from the Sun's light. This process maintains the current average surface temperature of 14.76 °C (58.57 °F), at which water is liquid under normal atmospheric pressure. Differences in the amount of captured energy between geographic regions (as with the equatorial region receiving more sunlight than the polar regions) drive atmospheric and ocean currents, producing a global climate system with different climate regions, and a range of weather phenomena such as precipitation, allowing components such as nitrogen to cycle. Earth is rounded into an ellipsoid with a circumference of about 40,000 km. It is the densest planet in the Solar System. Of the four rocky planets, it is the largest and most massive. Earth is about eight light-minutes away from the Sun and orbits it, taking a year (about 365.25 days) to complete one revolution. Earth rotates around its own axis in slightly less than a day (in about 23 hours and 56 minutes). Earth's axis of rotation is tilted with respect to the perpendicular to its orbital plane around the Sun, producing seasons. Earth is orbited by one permanent natural satellite, the Moon, which orbits Earth at 384,400 km (1.28 light seconds) and is roughly a quarter as wide as Earth. The Moon's gravity helps stabilize Earth's axis, causes tides and gradually slows Earth's rotation. Tidal locking has made the Moon always face Earth with the same side. Earth, like most other bodies in the Solar System, formed 4.5 billion years ago from gas and dust in the early Solar System. During the first billion years of Earth's history, the ocean formed and then life developed within it. Life spread globally and has been altering Earth's atmosphere and surface, leading to the Great Oxidation Event two billion years ago. Humans emerged 300,000 years ago in Africa and have spread across every continent on Earth. Humans depend on Earth's biosphere and natural resources for their survival, but have increasingly impacted the planet's environment. Humanity's current impact on Earth's climate and biosphere is unsustainable, threatening the livelihood of humans and many other forms of life, and causing widespread extinctions. The earth is 4.543 billion years old
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOjmy8zkDGQ
A Journey To The Beginning Of Time
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xyprQgvK2H4
3 Hours Of Mind-Blowing Space Facts To Fall Asleep To: Our Universe
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WgjBaXpuSE4
How The Earth Was Made: From Molten Rock to Green Planet | Full Special
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kBrZRqd0_E
Surviving a Cosmic Collision | How The Earth Was Made (S2, E3) | Full Episode
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=smzkN1f4Ck8
Where Water Originally Comes From And Other Facts About Our Waters

Earth moon it is written in the Holy King James Bible the word of the Lord according to saint Moses the prophet of israel 1450 BC Before Christ  Genesis1:17 & God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, amen The Moon is moving away from Earth at about 1.49 inches (3.78 centimeters) per year. And as it moves away, its orbital period increases and Earth's rotation slows down.  As the Moon moves away we will see longer than 24 hours for a day. But this is far from the worst thing that will happen to Earth. One of the biggest impacts would be on tidal waves. While oceans will still retain some movement due to the gravitational force of the Sun, it will be very weak and minimal. Why is Moon drifting away from Earth? Experts believe that “Milankovitch cycles" could be the reason behind the drifting of the Moon away from Earth. The cycles describe the tiny diversion in the shape of the Earth's orbit and its axis and its impacts on the amount of sunlight received on Earth. The gravitational pull of the moon moderates Earth's wobble, keeping the climate stable. That's a boon for life. Without it, we could have enormous climate mood swings over billions of years, with different areas getting extraordinarily hot and then plunging into long ice ages. However, about 5 billion years from now, as the sun begins to die, it will swell to become a red giant star, "at which point the Earth-moon system will almost certainly be disrupted and destroyed, currently the earth is tilted 23.5 degrees from the plane of its orbit around the sun due to the moon 1 Corinthians 15:41 There is one glory of the sun, and another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars: for one star differeth from another star in glory. amen
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sqeq4Nv5OcI&t=10s
Why is the Moon Moving Further Away?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cuG2owL7eGI
HOW LIFE OFF EARTH IS BECOMING A REALITY | Full DOCUMENTARY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yqdU6EQzclc
Apollo 16 Remastered (50th Anniversary) [4K]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krcLMlvT-9U
2 Hours Of Space Facts To Help You Fall Asleep: Solar System Physics
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AlPbfC1wDXA
IN FULL: Private company attempts first US moon landing in more than 50 years | ABC News
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WCmO0fre9Fc 
Moon rush: the launch of a lunar economy | FT Film
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=amjYlcjHwIY&t=195s 
Back to the Moon FULL SPECIAL | NOVA | PBS America

Europa God almighty created Europa & Jupiter included Genesis 1:14-19 & God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; & let them be for signs, & for seasons, and for days, & years: & let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth: & it was so. 16 & God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, & the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also. 17 & God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, 18 & to rule over the day & over the night, & to divide the light from the darkness: & God saw that it was good. 19 & the evening and the morning were the fourth day. or Jupiter II, is the smallest of the four Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter, and the sixth-closest to the planet of all the 95 known moons of Jupiter. It is also the sixth-largest moon in the Solar System. Europa was discovered independently by Simon Marius and Galileo Galilei and was named (by Marius) after Europa, the Phoenician mother of King Minos of Crete and lover of Zeus (the Greek equivalent of the Roman god Jupiter). Slightly smaller than Earth's Moon, Europa is made of silicate rock and has a water-ice crust and probably an iron–nickel core. It has a very thin atmosphere, composed primarily of oxygen. Its geologically young white-beige surface is striated by light tan cracks and streaks, with very few impact craters. In addition to Earth-bound telescope observations, Europa has been examined by a succession of space-probe flybys, the first occurring in the early 1970s. In September 2022, the Juno spacecraft flew within about 320 km (200 miles) of Europa for a more recent close-up view. Europa has the smoothest surface of any known solid object in the Solar System. The apparent youth and smoothness of the surface is due to a water ocean beneath the surface, which could conceivably harbor extraterrestrial life, although it would most likely be that of single celled organisms and bacteria-like creatures. The predominant model suggests that heat from tidal flexing causes the ocean to remain liquid and drives ice movement similar to plate tectonics, absorbing chemicals from the surface into the ocean below. Sea salt from a subsurface ocean may be coating some geological features on Europa, suggesting that the ocean is interacting with the sea floor. This may be important in determining whether Europa could be habitable. In addition, the Hubble Space Telescope detected water vapor plumes similar to those observed on Saturn's moon Enceladus, which are thought to be caused by erupting cryogeysers. In May 2018, astronomers provided supporting evidence of water plume activity on Europa, based on an updated analysis of data obtained from the Galileo space probe, which orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003. Such plume activity could help researchers in a search for life from the subsurface Europan ocean without having to land on the moon. In March 2024, astronomers reported that the surface of Europa may have much less oxygen than previously inferred. The Galileo mission, launched in 1989, provides the bulk of current data on Europa. No spacecraft has yet landed on Europa, although there have been several proposed exploration missions. The European Space Agency's Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer (JUICE) is a mission to Ganymede launched on April 14, 2023, that will include two flybys of Europa. NASA's Europa Clipper is expected to be launched in October 2024, with a complementary lander possible based on its findings.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2C5wzE1J8BM
Other Worlds, Episode 2: Europa

Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second-largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter. It is a gas giant with an average radius of about nine-and-a-half times that of Earth. It has only one-eighth the average density of Earth, but is over 95 times more massive. Genesis 1:14-19 & God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; & let them be for signs, & for seasons, and for days, & years: & let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth: & it was so. 16 & God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, & the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also. 17 & God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, 18 & to rule over the day & over the night, & to divide the light from the darkness: & God saw that it was good. 19 & the evening and the morning were the fourth day. Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second-largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter. It is a gas giant with an average radius of about nine-and-a-half times that of Earth. It has only one-eighth the average density of Earth, but is over 95 times more massive. Even though Saturn is nearly the size of Jupiter, Saturn has less than one-third of Jupiter's mass. Saturn orbits the Sun at a distance of 9.59 AU (1,434 million km) with an orbital period of 29.45 years. Saturn's interior is thought to be composed of a rocky core, surrounded by a deep layer of metallic hydrogen, an intermediate layer of liquid hydrogen and liquid helium, and finally, a gaseous outer layer. Saturn has a pale yellow hue due to ammonia crystals in its upper atmosphere. An electrical current within the metallic hydrogen layer is thought to give rise to Saturn's planetary magnetic field, which is weaker than Earth's, but which has a magnetic moment 580 times that of Earth due to Saturn's larger size. Saturn's magnetic field strength is around one-twentieth of Jupiter's. The outer atmosphere is generally bland and lacking in contrast, although long-lived features can appear. Wind speeds on Saturn can reach 1,800 kilometres per hour (1,100 miles per hour). The planet has a bright and extensive ring system composed mainly of ice particles, with a smaller amount of rocky debris and dust. At least 146 moons are known to orbit the planet, of which 63 are officially named; this does not include the hundreds of moonlets in its rings. Titan, Saturn's largest moon and the second largest in the Solar System, is larger (while less massive) than the planet Mercury and is the only moon in the Solar System to have a substantial atmosphere.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UQp_aVA8gXs
KINGDOM OF SATURN: Mysterious Moons of a Ringed Planet 4K
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SY-hQJ5pMd4
JPL and the Space Age: Triumph at Saturn (Part I)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33yOQsptNis
What They Didn't Teach You in School about Saturn | 4K
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7qyKZz844o0
Saturn: The Solar System’s Greatest Jewel | BBC Earth Science
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iBsJFhy7xN4
Saturn - One Trillion Rings - Oddest Mysteries of the Ringed Planet | boxset 100 Mins Runtime

Solar eclipse of Monday April 8 in Gatineau Quebec Canada i blurred the lens of my Samsung A03 core filming this solar eclipse
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWXfxWEJDqU
Solar eclipse GAtineau Monday April 8 2024

Space mining perhaps humans the children of Adam & Eve should mine using extremophile bacteria 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHcE1rsj51U
MOON MINING AND ASTEROID WEALTH: The Next Step in Space Exploration | WELT SpaceTime
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGosZWBTF7A
Who Wants To Be A Trillionaire?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHcE1rsj51U
MOON MINING AND ASTEROID WEALTH: The Next Step in Space Exploration | WELT SpaceTime
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_t42nnijsLE
How Asteroids Will Launch Us Into Deep Space
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVH1QKah_Pk
3 Hours Of Simply Unbelievable Space Facts To Fall Asleep To

Space Shuttle is a retired, partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated from 1981 to 2011 by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the Space Shuttle program. Its official program name was Space Transportation System (STS), taken from the 1969 plan led by U.S. Vice President Spiro Agnew for a system of reusable spacecraft where it was the only item funded for development: 163–166  The first (STS-1) of four orbital test flights occurred in 1981, leading to operational flights (STS-5) beginning in 1982. Five complete Space Shuttle orbiter vehicles were built and flown on a total of 135 missions from 1981 to 2011. They launched from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida. Operational missions launched numerous satellites, interplanetary probes, and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), conducted science experiments in orbit, participated in the Shuttle-Mir program with Russia, and participated in the construction and servicing of the International Space Station (ISS). The Space Shuttle fleet's total mission time was 1,323 days. Space Shuttle components include the Orbiter Vehicle (OV) with three clustered Rocketdyne RS-25 main engines, a pair of recoverable solid rocket boosters (SRBs), and the expendable external tank (ET) containing liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. The Space Shuttle was launched vertically, like a conventional rocket, with the two SRBs operating in parallel with the orbiter's three main engines, which were fueled from the ET. The SRBs were jettisoned before the vehicle reached orbit, while the main engines continued to operate, and the ET was jettisoned after main engine cutoff and just before orbit insertion, which used the orbiter's two Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) engines. At the conclusion of the mission, the orbiter fired its OMS to deorbit and reenter the atmosphere. The orbiter was protected during reentry by its thermal protection system tiles, and it glided as a spaceplane to a runway landing, usually to the Shuttle Landing Facility at KSC, Florida, or to Rogers Dry Lake in Edwards Air Force Base, California. If the landing occurred at Edwards, the orbiter was flown back to the KSC atop the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA), a specially modified Boeing 747 designed to carry the shuttle above it. The first orbiter, Enterprise, was built in 1976 and used in Approach and Landing Tests (ALT), but had no orbital capability. Four fully operational orbiters were initially built: Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, and Atlantis. Of these, two were lost in mission accidents: Challenger in 1986 and Columbia in 2003, with a total of 14 astronauts killed. A fifth operational (and sixth in total) orbiter, Endeavour, was built in 1991 to replace Challenger. The three surviving operational vehicles were retired from service following Atlantis's final flight on July 21, 2011. The U.S. relied on the Russian Soyuz spacecraft to transport astronauts to the ISS from the last Shuttle flight until the launch of the Crew Dragon Demo-2 mission in May 2020.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w4FCkbPykdQ
How The Space Shuttle Worked | Full Documentary

Space X Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, commonly referred to as SpaceX, is an American spacecraft manufacturer, launch service provider and satellite communications company headquartered at the SpaceX Starbase near Brownsville, Texas. The company was founded in 2002 by Elon Musk with the goal of reducing space transportation costs and ultimately developing a sustainable colony on Mars. The company currently produces and operates the Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy rockets along with the Dragon spacecraft. The company offers internet service via its Starlink subsidiary, which became the largest-ever satellite constellation in January 2020 and, as of April 2024, comprised more than 6,000 small satellites in orbit. Meanwhile, the company is developing Starship, a human-rated, fully-reusable, super heavy-lift launch system for interplanetary and orbital spaceflight. On its first flight in April 2023, it became the largest and most powerful rocket ever flown. The rocket fully completed its test flight on its fourth flight by reaching space and returning both stages for a controlled splashdown in June 2024. SpaceX is the first private company to develop a liquid-propellant rocket that has reached orbit; to launch, orbit, and recover a spacecraft; to send a spacecraft to the International Space Station; and to send astronauts to the International Space Station. It is also the first organization of any type to achieve a vertical propulsive landing of an orbital rocket booster and the first to reuse such a booster. The company's Falcon 9 rockets have landed and flown again more than 300 times. As of June 2024, SpaceX has around US$200 billion valuation.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KTjeh5QPL0o
How SpaceX Could Win The Space Race | CNBC Marathon

The moon The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It orbits at an average distance of 384399 km (238,854 mi; about 30 times Earth's diameter). The Moon's orbital period (lunar month) and rotation period (lunar day) are synchronized by Earth's gravitational pull at 29.5 Earth days, making the same side of the Moon always face Earth. The Moon's pull on Earth is the main driver of Earth's tides. In geophysical terms, the Moon is a planetary-mass object or satellite planet. Its mass is 1.2% that of the Earth, and its diameter is 3,474 km (2,159 mi), roughly one-quarter of Earth's (about as wide as the contiguous United States). Within the Solar System, it is the largest and most massive satellite in relation to its parent planet, the fifth-largest and fifth-most massive moon overall, and larger and more massive than all known dwarf planets. Its surface gravity is about one-sixth of Earth's, about half that of Mars, and the second-highest among all moons in the Solar System, after Jupiter's moon Io. The body of the Moon is differentiated and terrestrial, with no significant hydrosphere, atmosphere, or magnetic field. It formed 4.51 billion years ago, not long after Earth's formation, out of the debris from a giant impact between Earth and a hypothesized Mars-sized body called Theia. The lunar surface is covered in lunar dust and marked by mountains, impact craters, their ejecta, ray-like streaks, rilles and, mostly on the near side of the Moon, by dark maria ('seas'), which are plains of cooled lava. These maria were formed when molten lava flowed into ancient impact basins. The Moon is, except when passing through Earth's shadow during a lunar eclipse, always illuminated by the Sun, but from Earth the visible illumination shifts during its orbit, producing the lunar phases. The Moon is the brightest celestial object in Earth's night sky. This is mainly due to its large angular diameter, while the reflectance of the lunar surface is comparable to that of asphalt. The apparent size is nearly the same as that of the Sun, allowing it to cover the Sun completely during a total solar eclipse. From Earth about 59% of the lunar surface is visible due to cyclical shifts in perspective (libration), making parts of the far side of the Moon visible. The Moon has been an important source of inspiration and knowledge for humans, having been crucial to cosmography, mythology, religion, art, time keeping, natural science, and spaceflight. The first human-made objects to fly to an extraterrestrial body were sent to the Moon, starting in 1959 with the flyby of the Soviet Union's Luna 1 and the intentional impact of Luna 2. In 1966, the first soft landing (by Luna 9) and orbital insertion (by Luna 10) followed. On July 20, 1969, humans for the first time stepped on an extraterrestrial body, landing on the Moon at Mare Tranquillitatis with the lander Eagle of the United States' Apollo 11 mission. Five more crews were sent between then and 1972, each with two men landing on the surface. The longest stay was 75 hours by the Apollo 17 crew. Since then, exploration of the Moon has continued robotically, and crewed missions are being planned to return beginning in the late 2020s.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d3x7AWeKay0
Why Is The Far Side Of The Moon So Different?