Biofuel
Babylon Map The Babylonian Map of the World (or Imago Mundi) is a Babylonian clay tablet with a schematic world map and two inscriptions written in the Akkadian language. Dated to no earlier than the 9th century BC (with a late 8th or 7th century BC date being more likely), it includes a brief and partially lost textual description. The tablet describes the oldest known depiction of the known world. Ever since its discovery there has been controversy on its general interpretation and specific features.[1] Another pictorial fragment, VAT 12772, presents a similar topography from roughly two millennia earlier. The map is centered on the Euphrates, flowing from the north (top) to the south (bottom), with its mouth labelled "swamp" and "outflow". The city of Babylon is shown on the Euphrates, in the northern half of the map. Susa, the capital of Elam, is shown to the south, Urartu to the northeast, and Habban, the capital of the Kassites, is shown (incorrectly) to the northwest. Mesopotamia is surrounded by a circular "bitter river" or Ocean, and seven or eight foreign regions are depicted as triangular sections beyond the Ocean, perhaps imagined as mountains. The tablet was excavated by Hormuzd Rassam at Sippar, Baghdad vilayet, some 60 km north of Babylon on the east bank of the Euphrates River. It was acquired by the British Museum in 1882 (BM 92687); the text was first translated in 1889. The tablet is usually thought to have originated in Borsippa. In 1995, a new section of the tablet was discovered, at the point of the upper-most triangle.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LUxFzh8r384
The Babylonian Map of the World with Irving Finkel | Curator’s Corner S9 Ep5
Bacteria God created the bacteria before God created the garden of Eden as recorded by Moses the holy prophet of God Genesis 1:24 & God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, & creeping thing, & beast of the earth after his kind: & it was so. The human body contains trillions of microorganisms — outnumbering human cells by 10 to 1. Because of their small size, however, microorganisms make up only about 1 to 3 percent of the body's mass (in a 200-pound adult, that's 2 to 6 pounds of bacteria), but play a vital role in human health. Seventy to ninety percent of all cells in the human body are bacterial, representing perhaps 10,000 different species. Genetically we get even less real estate: 99 percent of the unique genes in our bodies are bacterial. Bacteria are small; each is about 1/100th the size of a human cell. Bacteria are like fish swimming in the ocean of your body. As they swim around, they eat and reproduce rapidly. One bacterium can become millions of bacterium in just a few hours. A 2016 study at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel found that our total cell count is 56 per cent bacteria (compared with earlier estimates of 90 per cent). And because bacteria are much smaller, their total mass is only about 200g. So by weight, we are more than 99.7 per cent human bacteria. The microbiome includes approximately 100 trillion bacterial cells. That's 100,000,000,000,000! You may have heard that there are 10 times more microbial cells than human cells in the human body, but that commonly-cited ratio was based on an estimate of 10 trillion cells in the human body. But when compared to other parts of the body, nothing comes close to hosting more bacteria than the belly button. If you're an innie and not an outie, your belly button is home to at least 60 to 100 or more species of bacteria, fungi and yeasts, according to new research. About 40 genes were found to be exclusively shared by humans and bacteria and are candidate examples of horizontal transfer from bacteria to vertebrates. So now what we understand is that all bacteria can talk to each other. They make chemical words, they recognize those words, and they turn on group behaviors that are only successful when all of the cells participate in unison. From height and section images the bacterial cells were observed to be relatively smooth, rod-shaped, 2.5 µm long, 1.5 µm in diameter and with middle high not exceeding 0.4 µm micrometer. Most bacteria have a genome that consists of a single DNA molecule (i.e., one chromosome) that is several million base pairs in size and is "circular" (doesn't have ends like chromosomes of eukaryotic organisms). Blood has always been considered free from microbes, because bacteria don't grow when it is put in a culture dish. But recent DNA sequencing methods reveal that each millilitre of blood in fact contains around 1000 bacterial cells. These bacteria are usually dormant. Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium and Propionibacterium represent the dominant bacterial genera on skin and illustrate how bacteria adapt to life in this harsh environment and also provide us with unique benefits. Since bacteria can divide rapidly, they grow exponentially, doubling over and over until they reach the carrying capacity of their environment, or the maximum amount of organisms an environment can support. Once they reach carrying capacity, they can no longer divide. The current largest known bacterium is Thiomargarita magnifica, described in 2022, at an average length of 10 mm. In 2002 a strain exhibiting 99% identity with Thiomargarita namibiensis was found in sediment cores taken from the Gulf of Mexico during a research expedition. Mycoplasma genitalium, a parasitic bacterium which lives in the primate bladder, waste disposal organs, genital, and respiratory tracts, is thought to be the smallest known organism capable of independent growth and reproduction. With a size of approximately 200 to 300 nm, M. Cyanobacteria: Fossil Record. The cyanobacteria have an extensive fossil record. The oldest known fossils, in fact, are cyanobacteria from Archaean rocks of western Australia, dated 3.5 billion years old. This may be somewhat surprising, since the oldest rocks are only a little older: 3.8 billion years old! Bacteria have both RNA and DNA. The bacteria's genomic chromosome is composed of DNA, as are any extrachromosomal plasmids. The RNAs may be transcripts (i.e. templates for the translation of proteins) or untranslated elements such as ribosomal RNA or small RNAs involved in transcriptional regulation. Some bacteria have a 250-million year lifespan under some special circumstances. Bacteria don't have a fixed lifespan because they don't grow old. But if we assume that the global bacteria population is stable, then it follows that one bacterium must die for each new one that is produced. Bacteria divide somewhere between once every 12 minutes and once every 24 hours. So the average lifespan of a bacterium is around 12 hours or so. Bacteria do not have mitochondria. Bacteria and archaea lack any membrane-bound organelles. If not handled and cleaned up properly, these pathogens can survive and come into contact with unsuspecting individuals, increasing their risk of becoming seriously ill. E. Coli, which is often found in feces, can live on hard surfaces for four days. If the surface is wet, however, this can increase up to 14 days. Plant- and human-pathogenic bacteria can be preserved in pure water or PBS for several years. About 40 genes were found to be exclusively shared by humans and bacteria and are candidate examples of horizontal transfer from bacteria to vertebrates. But more than half the dry weight of poop is bacteria. Some bacteria, such as staphylococcus (staph) and Bacillus cereus, produce toxins not destroyed by high cooking temperatures. Waterborne germs can live and grow in our pipes and in devices that use water, such as humidifiers. Some of these germs can make people sick. Germs especially like to live and grow in water when it is stagnant (not flowing) or when it is not treated with enough water treatment chemicals, such as chlorine. In addition the large intestine contains the largest bacterial ecosystem in the human body. About 99% of the large intestine and feces flora are made up of obligate anaerobes such as Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium. Most abundant bacteria are E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus etc. Bacteria produce energy in essentially the same way as the cells in eukaryotes. Lacking mitochondria however they create a proton gradient along their cellular membrane by pumping protons out of the cell. This gradient then allows them to produce ATP as the protons re-enter the cell. Pelagibacter bacteria are the most abundant life form on earth with something on the order of 2*10^28 individuals. 1 Raw Apple Cider Vinegar, or ACV. With antibiotic and antiseptic properties, ACV can help in weight management and lowering cholesterol and cancer risk. ACV can also be used as a chemical-free astringent if you need to topically disinfect or sterilize a wound. 2 Honey. Pooh Bear had the right idea! Ancient Romans used honey during war to treat their wounds and avoid infections. Honest is the best natural antibiotic out there, bursting with antioxidants, antimicrobials, anti-inflammatories, and antiseptics. Not to mention, there’s also an enzyme in honey that is known to release hydrogen peroxide (which also fights infection and prevents bacteria growth). Honey can soothe your digestive problems and strengthen your immune system! 3 Turmeric. Tasty and beautiful in color, this spice can protect your body tremendously. You can eat it or use it topically, too! It is mainly used to protect your body against infection and here’s a tip: try mixing it with honey and adding topically to any flesh wound. 4 Grapefruit Seed Extract (GSE). Studies show that GSE is effective in killing over 800 different forms and strands of viruses and bacteria and over 100 different strains of fungus and parasites! As if that doesn’t say enough, GSE is also high in antioxidants, can boost your immunity, and help with chronic digestion issues. 5 Garlic. Cultures across the world have long recognized garlic for its preventive and curative powers. According to the American Society for Microbiology, garlic possesses many active antimicrobial components. These include compounds such as allicin, ajoenes, and allyl sulfides, which exhibit a range of antibacterial properties. A 2021 reviewTrusted Source notes that these compounds may be effective against multi-drug resistant bacteria and can provide a framework for the development of future antibiotics.Garlic is delicious and good for you! It can push germs away before you even feel sickness coming on. The allice found in garlic can protect against yeast, parasites, bacteria and more! 6 Echinacea. This herb is not as well known, but still helpful in fighting bacteria. Try consuming this herb when you feel a cold coming on, as it has preventative cold fighters inside. 7 Cabbage. Cabbage contains sulfur and because it is a member of the cruciferous family, it is shown as an effective cancer fighting food. It can help with weight management, improve digestion issues, and prevent disease. Not to mention, one cup of cabbage can provide you with 75% of your daily vitamin C requirement. 8 Fermented Foods. From unpasteurized cabbage to homemade pickles and probiotic yogurts, these foods have amazing benefits for your intestinal tract, and fights bacteria and cancer prone cells. 9 Colloidal Silver. Colloidal Silver is a natural antibiotic and is made by a mixture of silver particles that have been suspended in fluid. This treatment is extremely temporary considering overuse of any heavy metals can be considered toxic, however, it fights a harmful enzyme that bad bacteria needs in order to grow and multiply. 10 Ginger the scientific community also recognizes ginger as a natural antibiotic. In addition to its antimicrobial activity, a 2019 review also highlights that ginger possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant properties. A 2022 study suggests that ginger could effectively inhibit a variety of bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus species, and Lactobacillus species. 11 Native American and other traditional healers have used echinacea for hundreds of years to treat infections and wounds. A 2022 article notes that echinacea has an antibacterial effect on respiratory bacteria. Studies also suggest that echinacea may possess antiviral properties and could help treat respiratory tract infections in both childrenTrusted Source and adults. As such, this could help prevent the unnecessary use of antibiotics that could result in drug-resistance. 12 Goldenseal is usually consumed in tea or capsules. Proponents may use goldenseal to help treat respiratory and digestive problems. While more research is necessary, some evidence supports that goldenseal may possess antimicrobial, anticancer, and immune-stimulant properties. 13 Cloves are dried flower buds that come from the clove tree, which people may use as a spice in food or drinks. A 2023 study notes that clove essential oil may possess a strong inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus. Similarly, a 2020 article notes that clove extract may have potential as a new antibacterial agent. 14 Vitamins have remarkable antimicrobial activity in vitro vitamins E, C and K as well as in vivo as immune system stimulators vitamin D3
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WCvMsOUgfpI
Understanding Bacteria
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HD44ItBHHBA
What's Living in You? FULL EPISODE | NOVA Wonders | PBS America
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YlsizeoBgDU
CLOSTAT - Probiotics - Kemin - Cortical Studios | MoA Animation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c7hsp0dENEA
Mysterious Microbes - Full Episode
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yl2GBm23lkE
The bacteria and the brain with Iris Sommer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pwflq3guhQE
A shocking end to a stunning game | Praggnanandhaa vs Arjun Erigaisi | Game 2 | WR Chess 2024
Barbourofelis God created the Barbourofelis before God created the garden of Eden as recorded by Moses the holy prophet of God Genesis 1:24 & God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, & creeping thing, & beast of the earth after his kind: & it was so. Barbourofelis is an extinct genus of large, predatory, feliform carnivoran mammals of the family Barbourofelidae (false saber-tooth cats). The genus was endemic to North America and Eurasia during the Miocene until its extinction during the Tortonian, living from 13.6 to 4.9 Ma.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tc0bYgjFUws
Barbourofelis: The First Sabertooth Predator
Barosaurus was a giant, long-tailed, long-necked, plant-eating sauropod dinosaur closely related to the more familiar Diplodocus. Remains have been found in the Morrison Formation from the Upper Jurassic Period of Utah and South Dakota. It is present in stratigraphic zones 2–5. The composite term Barosaurus comes from the Greek words barys (βαρυς) meaning "heavy" and sauros (σαυρος) meaning "lizard", thus "heavy lizard".
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DPYLjSOsxOI
Barosaurus: The Longest Known Sauropod Dinosaur
Baryonyx God created the Baryonyx before God created the garden of Eden as recorded by Moses the holy prophet of God Genesis 1:24 & God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, & creeping thing, & beast of the earth after his kind: & it was so. Baryonyx is a genus of theropod dinosaur which lived in the Barremian stage of the Early Cretaceous period, about 130–125 million years ago. The first skeleton was discovered in 1983 in the Smokejack Clay Pit, of Surrey, England, in sediments of the Weald Clay Formation, and became the holotype specimen of Baryonyx walkeri, named by palaeontologists Alan J. Charig and Angela C. Milner in 1986. The generic name, Baryonyx, means "heavy claw" and alludes to the animal's very large claw on the first finger; the specific name, walkeri, refers to its discoverer, amateur fossil collector William J. Walker. The holotype specimen is one of the most complete theropod skeletons from the UK (and remains the most complete Spinosaurid), and its discovery attracted media attention. Specimens later discovered in other parts of the United Kingdom and Iberia have also been assigned to the genus, though many have since been moved to new genera.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WaSiCw1zi2E
Baryonyx: The First Fish-Eating Dinosaur Ever Discovered | Documentary
Bats are flying mammals of the order Chiroptera .With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. God created Bats before God created the garden of Eden as recorded by Moses the holy prophet of God Genesis 1:24 & God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, & creeping thing, & beast of the earth after his kind: & it was so. Bats are more agile in flight than most birds, flying with their very long spread-out digits covered with a thin membrane or patagium. The smallest bat, and arguably the smallest extant mammal, is Kitti's hog-nosed bat, which is 29–34 millimetres (1+1⁄8–1+3⁄8 inches) in length, 150 mm (6 in) across the wings and 2–2.6 g (1⁄16–3⁄32 oz) in mass. The largest bats are the flying foxes, with the giant golden-crowned flying fox (Acerodon jubatus) reaching a weight of 1.6 kg (3+1⁄2 lb) and having a wingspan of 1.7 m (5 ft 7 in). The second largest order of mammals after rodents, bats comprise about 20% of all classified mammal species worldwide, with over 1,400 species. These were traditionally divided into two suborders: the largely fruit-eating megabats, and the echolocating microbats. But more recent evidence has supported dividing the order into Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera, with megabats as members of the former along with several species of microbats. Many bats are insectivores, and most of the rest are frugivores (fruit-eaters) or nectarivores (nectar-eaters). A few species feed on animals other than insects; for example, the vampire bats feed on blood. Most bats are nocturnal, and many roost in caves or other refuges; it is uncertain whether bats have these behaviours to escape predators. Bats are present throughout the world, with the exception of extremely cold regions. They are important in their ecosystems for pollinating flowers and dispersing seeds; many tropical plants depend entirely on bats for these services. Bats provide humans with some direct benefits, at the cost of some disadvantages. Bat dung has been mined as guano from caves and used as fertiliser. Bats consume insect pests, reducing the need for pesticides and other insect management measures. They are sometimes numerous enough and close enough to human settlements to serve as tourist attractions, and they are used as food across Asia and the Pacific Rim. However, fruit bats are frequently considered pests by fruit growers. Due to their physiology, bats are one type of animal that acts as a natural reservoir of many pathogens, such as rabies; and since they are highly mobile, social, and long-lived, they can readily spread disease among themselves. If humans interact with bats, these traits become potentially dangerous to humans. Some bats are also predators of mosquitoes, suppressing the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases. Depending on the culture, bats may be symbolically associated with positive traits, such as protection from certain diseases or risks, rebirth, or long life, but in the West, bats are popularly associated with darkness, malevolence, witchcraft, vampires, and death. Research also found that compared to other mammals, bat genomes contain more changes in cancer-related genes, including six that repair DNA and 46 that suppress tumors. The findings, published in the journal Science Advances, focus on the protective structures at the end of chromosomes, called telomeres. Bats may have God blessed telomere maintenance mechanisms which allow bats to repair age-related cell damage. Although most bats live less than 20 years in the wild, scientists have documented six species that life more than 30 years. In 2006, a tiny bat from Siberia set the world record at 41 years
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zLNX2pkCepQ
The Rarely Seen Nightlife Of Bats & Why They Are Vital For The Earth | Our World
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vCbZHvsX1dk
Secrets and Mysteries of Bats - Nature Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IndT4AffCh0
Wild America | S4 E1 Beneficial Bats | Full Episode HD
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6dOBB9SXbA
Flying Fox Fairy Tale 🦇| Bat Documentary | Natural History Channel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3gJmlPtEWP4
Exploring The Bats That Live In The Rainforests Of Central America | Our World
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K_MmIIIdDmY
Race to Save Pennsylvania Bats
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UYFRLEQBDpc
We FINALLY Understand Why Bats Live So Long
Batrachopus grandis was a prehistoric crocodylomorph, part of the larger group modern crocodiles are a part of. Batrachopus grandis God created the Baryonyx before God created the garden of Eden as recorded by Moses the holy prophet of God Genesis 1:24 & God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, & creeping thing, & beast of the earth after his kind: & it was so. Only known from fossil footprints found in Early Cretaceous South Korea, it was a contemporary of non-avian dinosaurs. “The footprints were initially thought to be made by a giant bipedal pterosaur walking on the mudflat, we now understand that these were bipedal crocodile prints,” said University of Queensland’s Dr. Anthony Romilio. Professor Kyung Soo Kim from Chinju National University of Education and colleagues discovered the well-preserved crocodylomorph trackways with clearly defined foot impressions and localized skin traces at the Sacheon Jahye-ri site of the Jinju Formation. The tracks are between 18 and 24 cm long, indicating trackmaker body lengths over 3 m. “It shocked us to learn that the trackways represent bipedal animals 3-4 m long,” Professor Kim said. The fossil tracks indicted that it moved bipedally, a trait previously only found in much older Triassic crocodylomorphs. “And while footprints were everywhere on the site, there were no handprints.” The paleontologists initially questioned the absence of hand impressions from the trackways, given that modern-day crocodiles are quadrupedal (four-legged). “Fossil crocodile tracks are quite rare in Asia, so finding an abundance of nearly one hundred footprints was extraordinary,” Dr. Romilio said. “As an animal walks, the hind feet have the potential of stepping into the impression made by the hand and over-printing it, but we find no evidence of this at these Korean sites.” “It isn’t due to poor preservation either, because these fossils are spectacular, they even have the fine details of the toe-pads and scales on their soles preserved.” Multiple, well-preserved trackways made by large crocodylomorphs, extinct ancestors of modern-day crocodiles, between 110 and 120 million years ago (Cretaceous period) have been found near Sacheon City in South Korea.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1JC16sxyxEA
Batrachopus grandis: A Bipedal Crocodile Relative From the Time Of The Dinosaurs
Baurusuchidae God created the Baurusuchidae before God created the garden of Eden as recorded by Moses the holy prophet of God Genesis 1:24 & God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, & creeping thing, & beast of the earth after his kind: & it was so.is a Gondwanan family of mesoeucrocodylians that lived during the Late Cretaceous. It is a group of terrestrial hypercarnivorous crocodilians from South America (Argentina and Brazil) and possibly Pakistan. Baurusuchidae has been, in accordance with the PhyloCode, officially defined as the least inclusive clade containing Cynodontosuchus rothi, Pissarrachampsa sera, and Baurusuchus pachecoi. Baurusuchids have been placed in the suborder Baurusuchia, and two subfamilies have been proposed: Baurusuchinae and Pissarrachampsinae.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q82ElGWeI0s
Baurusuchidae: Large, Terrestrial Crocodylomorphs From The Time Of The Dinosaurs
Bees God created the Bees before God created the garden of Eden as recorded by Moses the holy prophet of God Genesis 1:24 & God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, & creeping thing, & beast of the earth after his kind: & it was so. Bees are winged insects closely related to wasps and ants, known for their roles in pollination and, in the case of the best-known bee species, the western honey bee, for producing honey. Bees are a monophyletic lineage within the superfamily Apoidea. They are currently considered a clade, called Anthophila. There are over 20,000 known species of bees in seven recognized biological families. Some species – including honey bees, bumblebees, and stingless bees – live socially in colonies while most species (>90%) – including mason bees, carpenter bees, leafcutter bees, and sweat bees – are solitary. Bees are found on every continent except Antarctica, in every habitat on the planet that contains insect-pollinated flowering plants. The most common bees in the Northern Hemisphere are the Halictidae, or sweat bees, but they are small and often mistaken for wasps or flies. Bees range in size from tiny stingless bee species, whose workers are less than 2 millimetres (0.08 in) long, to the leafcutter bee Megachile pluto, the largest species of bee, whose females can attain a length of 39 millimetres (1.54 in). Bees feed on nectar and pollen, the former primarily as an energy source and the latter primarily for protein and other nutrients. Most pollen is used as food for their larvae. Vertebrate predators of bees include primates and birds such as bee-eaters; insect predators include beewolves and dragonflies. Bee pollination is important both ecologically and commercially, and the decline in wild bees has increased the value of pollination by commercially managed hives of honey bees. The analysis of 353 wild bee and hoverfly species across Britain from 1980 to 2013 found the insects have been lost from a quarter of the places they inhabited in 1980. Human beekeeping or apiculture (meliponiculture for stingless bees) has been practised for millennia, since at least the times of Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece. Bees have appeared in mythology and folklore, through all phases of art and literature from ancient times to the present day, although primarily focused in the Northern Hemisphere where beekeeping is far more common. In Mesoamerica, the Mayans have practiced large-scale intensive meliponiculture since pre-Columbian times.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mZTLatV1YIQ
Facts About Bees 🐝 - Secret Nature | Bee Documentary | Natural History Channel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WD1I959uUfA
The Incredible World of Wild Bees
Beryllium God created Beryllium & God created all the elements of the periodic table when God created the universe as recorded in the Holy Bible book of Genesis Genesis 2:4 These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that the LORD God made the earth and the heavens . Beryllium is a silvery-white metal. Beryllium is relatively soft & has a low density. Beryllium is used in alloys with copper or nickel to make gyroscopes, springs, electrical contacts, spot-welding electrodes & non-sparking tools. Beryllium is a chemical element; it has symbol Be & atomic number 4. It is a steel-gray, strong, lightweight & brittle alkaline earth metal. It is a divalent element that occurs naturally only in combination with other elements to form minerals. Gemstones high in beryllium include beryl & chrysoberyl.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy8JyQShZRA
Beryllium - Periodic Table of Videos
Beta Amyloid plaques (also known as neuritic plaques, amyloid beta plaques or senile plaques) are extracellular deposits of the amyloid beta (Aβ) protein mainly in the grey matter of the brain. Degenerative neuronal elements and an abundance of microglia and astrocytes can be associated with amyloid plaques. Some plaques occur in the brain as a result of aging, but large numbers of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are characteristic features of Alzheimer's disease. The plaques are highly variable in shape and size; in tissue sections immunostained for Aβ, they comprise a log-normal size distribution curve, with an average plaque area of 400-450 square micrometers (μm2). The smallest plaques (less than 200 μm2), which often consist of diffuse deposits of Aβ, are particularly numerous. Plaques form when Aβ misfolds and aggregates into oligomers and longer polymers, the latter of which are characteristic of amyloid.
Biofuel is a fuel that is produced over a short time span from biomass, rather than by the very slow natural processes involved in the formation of fossil fuels such as oil. Biofuel can be produced from plants or from agricultural, domestic or industrial biowaste.[1] Biofuels are mostly used for transportation, but can also be used for heating and electricity. Biofuels (and bioenergy in general) are regarded as a renewable energy source. The use of biofuel has been subject to criticism regarding the "food vs fuel" debate, varied assessments of their sustainability, and possible deforestation and biodiversity loss as a result of biofuel production. A bio-digester is a mechanized toilet that uses decomposition and sedimentation to turn human waste into a renewable fuel called biogas. Biogas can be made from substances like agricultural waste and sewage. The bio-digester uses a process called anaerobic digestion to produce biogas. Anaerobic digestion uses a chemical process to break down organic matter with the use of microorganisms in the absence of oxygen to produce biogas. The processes involved in anaerobic respiration are hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I9arI2e5bkw
Biofuel instead of coal and oil - How promising are these renewable resources? | DW Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XOctXfl6Ug
Biotech: The World of Microorganisms | New Technologies
Black Hole A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, including light and other electromagnetic waves, is capable of possessing enough energy to escape it. Einstein's theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass can deform spacetime to form a black hole. The boundary of no escape is called the event horizon. A black hole has a great effect on the fate and circumstances of an object crossing it, but it has no locally detectable features according to general relativity. In many ways, a black hole acts like an ideal black body, as it reflects no light. Quantum field theory in curved spacetime predicts that event horizons emit Hawking radiation, with the same spectrum as a black body of a temperature inversely proportional to its mass. This temperature is of the order of billionths of a kelvin for stellar black holes, making it essentially impossible to observe directly.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOoJAgLB8As
Black Holes: When Space and Time Surrender - The Most Powerful Object in The Universe
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VN8JXWpgFqM
The Fascinating Science Behind Black Holes
Bonobo God created the Bonobo before God created the garden of Eden as recorded by Moses the holy prophet of God Genesis 1:24 & God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, & creeping thing, & beast of the earth after his kind: & it was so. BonoboThe bonobo (Pan paniscus), also historically called the pygmy chimpanzee (less often the dwarf chimpanzee or gracile chimpanzee), is an endangered great ape and one of the two species making up the genus Pan (the other being the common chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes). While bonobos are, today, recognized as a distinct species in their own right, they were initially thought to be a subspecies of Pan troglodytes, due to the physical similarities between the two species. Taxonomically, members of the chimpanzee/bonobo subtribe Panina—composed entirely by the genus Pan—are collectively termed panins. Bonobos are distinguished from common chimpanzees by relatively long limbs, pinker lips, a darker face, a tail-tuft through adulthood, and parted, longer hair on their heads. Some individuals have sparser, thin hair over parts of their bodies. The bonobo is found in a 500,000 km2 (190,000 sq mi) area within the Congo Basin of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Central Africa. It is predominantly frugivorous, compared to the often highly omnivorous diets and hunting of small monkeys, duiker and other antelope exhibited by common chimpanzees. Bonobos inhabit primary and secondary forest, including seasonally inundated swamp forest. Because of political instability in the region, and the general timidity of bonobos, there has been relatively little field work done observing the species in its natural habitat. According to studies published in 2017 by researchers at The George Washington University, the ancestors of the genus Pan split from the human line about 8 million years ago; moreover, bonobos split from the common chimpanzee line about 2 million years ago. Along with the common chimpanzee, the bonobo is the closest extant relative to humans. As the two species are not proficient swimmers, the natural formation of the Congo River (around 1.5–2 million years ago) possibly led to the isolation and speciation of the bonobo. Bonobos live south of the river, and thereby were separated from the ancestors of the common chimpanzee, which live north of the river. There are no concrete figures regarding population, but the estimate is between 29,500 and 50,000 individuals. The species is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List and is most threatened by habitat destruction, human population growth and movement (as well as ongoing civil unrest and political infighting), with commercial poaching being, by far, the most prominent threat. Bonobos typically live 40 years in captivity; their lifespan in the wild is unknown, but it is almost certainly much shorter.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_Y5LeIIvJQ
The Bonobo Connection - Wildscreen Festival 2014 - Submission
Borealopelta God created the Borealopelta before God created the garden of Eden as recorded by Moses the holy prophet of God Genesis 1:24 & God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, & creeping thing, & beast of the earth after his kind: & it was so. Borealopelta (meaning "Northern shield") is a genus of nodosaurid ankylosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. It contains a single species, B. markmitchelli, named in 2017 by Caleb Brown and colleagues from a well-preserved specimen known as the Suncor nodosaur. Discovered at an oil sands mine north of Fort McMurray, Alberta, the specimen is remarkable for being among the best-preserved dinosaur fossils of its size ever found. It preserved not only the armor (osteoderms) in their life positions, but also remains of their keratin sheaths, overlying skin, and stomach contents from the animal's last meal. Melanosomes were also found that indicate the animal had a reddish skin tone.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PFRcEXIpBe0
Secrets of the Dinosaurs: The Real Jurassic Americas (Full Episode) | Drain the Oceans
Borealosuchus God created the Borealosuchus before God created the garden of Eden as recorded by Moses the holy prophet of God Genesis 1:24 & God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, & creeping thing, & beast of the earth after his kind: & it was so. Borealosuchus (meaning "boreal crocodile") is an extinct genus of crocodyliforms that lived from the Late Cretaceous to the Eocene in North America. It was named by Christopher Brochu in 1997 for several species that had been assigned to Leidyosuchus. The species assigned to it are: B. sternbergii, the type species, from the Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) of Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming; B. acutidentatus, from the Paleocene of Saskatchewan; B. formidabilis, from the Paleocene of North Dakota; B. griffithi, from the Paleocene of Alberta; and B. wilsoni, from the Eocene of Wyoming. B. formidabilis is particularly well-known, represented by the remains of many individuals from the Wannagan Creek site in North Dakota. Borealosuchus was a mid-sized crocodyliform, with B. wilsoni measuring approximately 3.2–4.5 metres (10–15 ft) long.
Boron God created Boron & God created all the elements of the periodic table when God created the universe as recorded in the Holy Bible book of Genesis Genesis 2:4 These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that the LORD God made the earth and the heavens . Boron is a chemical element; it has symbol B and atomic number 5. In its crystalline form it is a brittle, dark, lustrous metalloid; in its amorphous form it is a brown powder.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4DKmfEnfw9E
Rare Brown Hyenas: The Underdogs Of Namibia | Hyena Documentary
Boverisuchus God created the Boverisuchus before God created the garden of Eden as recorded by Moses the holy prophet of God Genesis 1:24 & God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, & creeping thing, & beast of the earth after his kind: & it was so. Boverisuchus is an extinct genus of planocraniid crocodyliforms known from the middle Eocene (Lutetian stage) of Germany and western North America. It was a relatively small crocodyliform with an estimated total length of approximately 2.2–3.6 metres (7.2–11.8 ft).
Brachiosaurus God created the Brachiosaurus before God created the garden of Eden as recorded by Moses the holy prophet of God Genesis 1:24 & God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, & creeping thing, & beast of the earth after his kind: & it was so. Brachiosaurus (/ˌbrækiəˈsɔːrəs/) is a genus of sauropod dinosaur that lived in North America during the Late Jurassic, about 154 to 150 million years ago.[1] It was first described by American paleontologist Elmer S. Riggs in 1903 from fossils found in the Colorado River valley in western Colorado, United States. Riggs named the dinosaur Brachiosaurus altithorax; the generic name is Greek for "arm lizard", in reference to its proportionately long arms, and the specific name means "deep chest". Brachiosaurus is estimated to have been between 18 and 22 meters (59 and 72 ft) long; body mass estimates of the subadult holotype specimen range from 28.3 to 46.9 metric tons (31.2 to 51.7 short tons). Brachiosaurus had a disproportionately long neck, small skull, and large overall size, all of which are typical for sauropods. Atypically, Brachiosaurus had longer forelimbs than hindlimbs, which resulted in a steeply inclined trunk, and a proportionally shorter tail. Brachiosaurus is the namesake genus of the family Brachiosauridae, which includes a handful of other similar sauropods. Most popular depictions of Brachiosaurus are in fact based on Giraffatitan, a genus of brachiosaurid dinosaur from the Tendaguru Formation of Tanzania. Giraffatitan was originally described by German paleontologist Werner Janensch in 1914 as a species of Brachiosaurus, B. brancai, but moved to its own genus in 2009. Three other species of Brachiosaurus have been named based on fossils found in Africa and Europe; two are no longer considered valid, and a third has become a separate genus, Lusotitan. The type specimen of B. altithorax is still the most complete specimen, and only a few other specimens are thought to belong to the genus, making it one of the rarer sauropods of the Morrison Formation. It is regarded as a high browser, possibly cropping or nipping vegetation as high as 9 meters (30 ft) off the ground. Unlike other sauropods, it was unsuited for rearing on its hindlimbs. It has been used as an example of a dinosaur that was most likely ectothermic because of its large size and the corresponding need for sufficient forage, but more recent research suggests it was warm-blooded. Among the most iconic and initially thought to be one of the largest dinosaurs, Brachiosaurus has appeared in popular culture, notably in the 1993 film Jurassic Park.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cu3l8V_qx98
Brachiosaurus: One Of The LARGEST Animals to Ever Exist | Dinosaur Documentary
Brown hyena God created the brown hyena before God created the garden of Eden Genesis 1:24 & God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, & creeping thing, & beast of the earth after his kind: & it was so.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4DKmfEnfw9E
Rare Brown Hyenas: The Underdogs Of Namibia | Hyena Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dcVPaDDw2LI
Brown hyenas, the rarest in the world